Physical and chemical properties sorting strips the gas is flammable. Dna structure, functions and properties by professordr. Barium melts at 725c baking soda reacts with vinegar. Dna has a number of special physical and chemical properties that are important to its structure and functioning.
From 1940 to 1953, many scientists were interested in unraveling the structure of dna molecule. To fully comprehend the design rules and application potential of dna based materials, it is critical for researchers to understand the characteristic properties of dna. What is the difference between a chemical property and a physical property. Dna structural properties in the classification of genomic. Some aspects of physicochemical properties of dna and rna. Fragile properties supercoiling chemical modification degradation mutation. Our new crystalgraphics chart and diagram slides for powerpoint is a collection of over impressively designed datadriven chart and editable diagram s guaranteed to impress any audience. Deoxyribonucleic acid dna is the primary chemical component of chromosomes and is the material of which genes are made. Physical and chemical properties of singlet molecular oxygen. Telling physical and chemical properties apart sometimes it can be tricky to know whether or not a chemical reaction has occurred.
Nucleic acids structure and physicochemical properties. In genetics, a mutagen is a physical or chemical agent that changes the genetic material, usually dna, of an organism and thus increases the frequency of mutations above the natural background level. To the naked eye though dna has color in between clear and white, and is stretchy to an extent, if stretched to far it will snap. To fully comprehend the design rules and application potential of dna based materials, it is critical for researchers to understand the characteristic properties of dna itself. Denaturation and renaturation of dna when solution of dna is heated, the native dna structure collapsed. Structure and physical properties of rna peter moore. Chemical, physical, and biologic properties of biosynthetic. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising.
Physicochemical properties of dna essay 1504 words. Bases change the colour of litmus from red to blue. Similarly, the dna of each plant and animal seems to be ultimately responsible for the size, shape and function of every protein that each of them makes. Feb 21, 2015 this presentation contain physical and chemical properties of dna. These strands are entwined in the shape of a double helix and the helix is kept stable by hydrogen bonds, which can be found.
Difference between physical and chemical properties. Enger, and paul kaesberg department of biochemistry, university of wisconsin, madison. The interesting structural, electronic, and optical properties of dna provide fascinating opportunities for developing nanoscale smart materials by integrating dna with optoelectronic components. Dna is a long polymer made from repeating units called nucleotides. The physical and chemical properties of nucleic acids.
Dna has a negative charge that is proportional to its size. Organisation of dna in microbial genomes and genetic transfer 5. Chart and diagram slides for powerpoint beautifully designed chart and diagram s for powerpoint with visually stunning graphics and animation effects. Note the difference in groove width and the relative displacements of the base pairs from the central axis. Physical properties of natural dna and metal ion inserted mdna. Some chemical acidity, pectin, and chlorophyll and physical properties hunter color value and weight loss of the fruits were determined after selected alkali peeling methods were used. These properties have been discovered over the course of a long and rich history of research on both dna and rna. Physical, chemical and biological properties of some alternative growing substrates article pdf available in international journal of soil science 121. A chiroptical photoswitchable dna complex the journal of. The physical properties of dna deoxyribonucleic acid is first structured like a twisted ladder made up of 4 different base chemicals adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine. These varied nucleic acids have a myriad of unique forms, all with particular physical and chemical properties that must be taken into consideration when preparing samples for laboratory work. Mar 11, 2008 physical and chemical properties dna is a long polymer made from repeating units called nucleotides. Dna etc the more of these properties that we can identify, the better we know the person.
Pyrimidines are heterocyclic, sixmembered, nitrogencontaining carbon ring structures, with uracil, cytosine and thymine being the basal structures of ribosecontaining nucleosides uridine, cytidine and. In a similar way matter has properties and there are many of them. Using histochemical and physical techniques, it is relatively simple to. We will now take a small overview on history, physical properties, chemical properties of dna. Chapter 2 structures of nucleic acids nucleic acids. Molecular models of dna structures are representations of the molecular geometry and topology of deoxyribonucleic acid molecules using one of several means, with the aim of simplifying and presenting the essential, physical and chemical, properties of dna. The information it generates will lead to a better understanding of the chemical basis of the biological processes in.
Structure, function, packaging and properties with. Summarize the key physical and chemical properties of dna. When dna is subjected to extremes of ph or temperatures above 80 to 90 degree centigrade, it gets denatured and the double helical structure is unfolded due to disruption of hydrogen bonds between the bases and the hydrophobic interactions of the bases. Pdf physical, chemical and biological properties of some. Physical and topological properties of circular dna. In this work the ph dependant chemical shift, pka values of 2yoh group as well as those the nucleobases in different sequence context, alkaline. Some aspects of physicochemical properties of dna and rna sandipta acharya. Dna or deoxyribonucleic acid is the basic hereditary material present in all the cells of an organism and basically provides a blue print. Dna structure, properties, types and functions dna stands for deoxyribonucleic acid which is a molecule that contains the instructions an organism needs to develop, live and reproduce. This dna had been shown to be singlestranded and noncomplementary by sinsheimer in 1959 16. Rna properties, structure, types and functions rna or ribonucleic acid is a polymer of nucleotides which is made up of a ribose sugar, a phosphate, and bases such as adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil. Dna contains genetic instruction essential to the development and functionality in all living organisms. The first dna observed to be in a ring form was obtained from the virus qx174. Dna structure, functions and properties slideshare.
Nucleic acids structure and physicochemical properties from the time of discovery of nucleic acids by fredrick miescher in 1870, they were long regarded as something of a curiosity until the structures of the monomer units, the nucleotides, was established in 1909 and that of rna was proposed by levene and tipson in 1935. Physical and chemical properties dna is a long polymer made from repeating units called nucleotides. They were erwin chargaff, maurice wilkins, rosalind franklin, linus pauling, francis crick and. It is the task of the forensic scientist to look at evidence and determine its identity and its origin. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. In living organisms such as humans, dna exists as a pair of molecules rather than a single molecule. Pyrimidines single ring cytosine thymineuracil rna only chemical properties of dna high. Chemical structure of the four nucleotides two with purine bases and two with. On the ground of basic science, we tried to unveil the intrinsic physical properties, especially magnetic properties of natural dna and a. Feb 26, 2020 nucleic acid, naturally occurring chemical compound that is capable of being broken down to yield phosphoric acid, sugars, and organic bases. The structure of dna was described in 1953, leading to further understanding of dna replication and hereditary control of cellular activities. These dna structural properties are various characteristics of the molecular structure that can be assigned a numeric value based on theoretical simulations or experimental measurements. Genetic material is that substance which not only controls the inheritance of traits from one generation to the next but is also able to express its effect through the formation and functioning of the traits.
These instructions are found inside every cell, and are passed down from parents to their children. It can be incorporated into a growing polynucleotide chain when normal process of replication occurs. Deoxyribonucleic acid dna is best known for its central role in the encoding, storage, replication, and propagation of genetic information within all known, independently living organisms. There are two basic types of properties that we can associate with matter. If dna is placed in an electrical field it will migrate towards the positive electrode the cathode if dna is electrophoresed through a gel, smaller pieces will migrate faster than larger pieces. However, dna is also a chemical material that can be produced in industrial quantities by welldeveloped. In the chemical properties of acids and bases, we now focus on bases. This product, which is designated biosynthetic human insulin, was found to be chemically, physically, and immunologically equivalent to pancreatic human insulin and biologically equivalent to both pancreatic human insulin and purified pork insulin. The atp molecule structural and physical properties. While dna uses the bases adenine a, cytosine c, guanidine g and thymine t, rna us. Solved multiple choice questions mcq on physical and chemical properties of water, basics of ph scale and buffers and buffer actions with answer key part 1. The unique material properties of dna have made it an attractive molecule for material scientists and engineers interested in micro and nanofabrication. Panel a shows the endocyclic q 0q 4 torsions of pentafuranose and.
A second information level is present in the different properties of the intrinsic dna structure, where the dna sequence itself only plays a supporting role. In this article we will discuss about the chemical and physical types of mutagens. Pyrimidine is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound similar to benzene and pyridine, containing two nitrogen atoms at positions 1 and 3 of the sixmember ring. Journal of the american chemical society 1988, 110 24, 80538059. While the terms may sound quite foreign and perhaps even complicated, they are significant to our understanding of dna and its many applications today.
Rna is ribonucleic acid, while dna is deoxyribonucleic acid. Read this article to learn about the genetic material. Physical properties and dna students extract dna from living plant tissues in order to measure, observe, and think about the various properties of two objects. List physical and chemical properties used to identify. Dna is a biological polymer that has many unique physical and chemical proper. Nucleic acids are the main informationcarrying molecules of the cell and play a central role in determining the inherited characteristics of every living thing.
Download chemical properties of acids and bases cheat sheet pdf. The nature of dna modern genetic analysis ncbi bookshelf. Independent confirmation of this absolute molecular weight has come from chemical techniques which measure mass of the dna complement of single. Mar 02, 2012 dna structure, functions and properties 1. The physical properties of dna deoxyribonucleic acid is first structured like a twisted ladder made up of 4 different base chemical s adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine. Physical and chemical properties of matter activity. Dna, organic chemical of complex molecular structure found in all prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The bases in dna absorb ultraviolet light at the wavelength of 260 nm. These compounds have base pairing properties different from the bases.
Jul 02, 2012 a second information level is present in the different properties of the intrinsic dna structure, where the dna sequence itself only plays a supporting role. It codes genetic information for the transmission of inherited traits. In this article we demonstrate the electrostatic binding of an amineterminated dithienylethene det molecular switch to doublestranded synthetic polynucleotides. Yogi berra, former new york yankees catcher and sage. How to make completely digitalthis product normally requires the printing of the questions to accompany a digit. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article. Join over 22,000 learners who have passed their exams thanks to us. These properties are called physical properties and chemical properties. Human insulin derived via recombinant dna technology was tested extensively by a complex battery of analytic procedures. Jan, 2020 dna structure, properties, types and functions dna stands for deoxyribonucleic acid which is a molecule that contains the instructions an organism needs to develop, live and reproduce. Nov 14, 2010 the physical properties of dna deoxyribonucleic acid is first structured like a twisted ladder made up of 4 different base chemical s adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine.
For example, when you melt ice into water, you can write the process in terms of a chemical reaction. As we shall see in this chapter, there are in fact variations on common themes of structure that arise from the unique physical, chemical, and topological properties of the polynucleotide chain. Full letter sized cards as well as smaller sized cards are provided. As the purpose of this post was primarily to examine the chemical structure of dna, the discussion of replication and protein synthesis has been kept brief and relatively simplistic. Dna has attracted much interest as a material for nano science and technology. The answer has to do with chemical and physical changes of matter. In 1953, two of them james watson and francis crick, proposed that the structure of dna is in the form of a double helix. Structural properties of nucleic acid building blocks function of dna and rna dna and rna are chainlike macromolecules that function in the storage and transfer of genetic information. Medical college, university of mauritius, mauritius biochemistry for medics. In identifying what a particular piece of evidence is, a scientist determines its physical and chemical properties. This is due to the negatively charged phosphates in the sugarphosphate backbone. These vapor properties influence the nicotine and flavoring dose received by the user and exhaled leading to secondhand and tertiary exposure.
Mar 24, 2015 their creation is a continuous process, and a single protein chain can have 1015 amino acids added to it per second via the process outline above. What are the characteristics and properties of rna. Deoxyribonucleic acid, also abbreviated as dna, is the principal informational macromolecule of the cell, which stores, translates and transfers the genetic information. Identification of both preequilibrium and diffusion limits for reaction of singlet oxygen, o21. Nucleic acids structure and physico chemical properties from the time of discovery of nucleic acids by fredrick miescher in 1870, they were long regarded as something of a curiosity until the structures of the monomer units, the nucleotides, was established in 1909 and that of rna was proposed by levene and tipson in 1935. Dna structure, properties, types and functions molecular.
Get an answer for list physical and chemical properties used to identify evidence at a crime scene. Apr 08, 2019 dna or deoxyribonucleic acid is the basic hereditary material present in all the cells of an organism and basically provides a blue print for the cells functions, growth, reproduction and death. They are major components of all cells 15% of the cells dry weight. Structure, function, packaging and properties with diagram. Physical properties of dna sonny vo october 31, 2007 submitted as coursework for physics 210, stanford university, spring 2007 brief overview. This breakout escape room is a fun way for students to test their knowledge of the properties of matter.
The physical and chemical processes that determine user and secondarytertiary exposure will be supported by published theoretical and empirical evidences plus new findings from current research. Dna is used by researchers as a molecular tool to explore physical laws and theories, such as the ergodic theorem and the theory of elasticity. As many mutations can cause cancer, mutagens are therefore also likely to be carcinogens, although not always necessarily so. We have studied dna both in natural forms and modi.
The 1 carbon of 2deoxyribose in case of dna is connected to either of the nucleobases adenine at n 9, guanine at n 9, cytosine at n 1 or thymine at n 1 24. Physical properties in living organisms such as humans, dna exists as a pair of molecules rather than a single molecule. They were erwin chargaff, maurice wilkins, rosalind franklin, linus pauling, francis crick and james watson. Measurable characteristics of matter may be categorized as either chemical or physical properties. A base analogue is a chemical compound similar to one of the four bases of dna. Physical evidence the forensic scientist is most interested in physical evidence. Some of the chemical mutagens and mutagenesis are given in table 9.